End-to-End Inverse Designed Single-Layered Metasurface for Snapshot RGB-Achromatic Full-Stokes Polarization Imaging

arXiv:2604.14901v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Snapshot full-Stokes polarimetry across multiple wavelengths remains challenging because conventional architectures rely on multiplexed measurements and bulky optics. We present an end-to-end framework that reconstructs RGB full-Stokes images from a snapshot sensor measurement. The system jointly optimizes a differentiable single-layered metasurface frontend with a U-Net backend. A metasurface modeled by the multilayer perceptron (MLP) is employed to encode the full-Stokes polarization information. On a real-world dataset, the system achieves a 27.06 dB peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and 0.7172 structural similarity index measure (SSIM) for monochromatic imaging at the specific wavelength (0.44 {\mu}m), and 23.35 dB/0.5643 for RGB-achromatic imaging. These results show that end-to-end optical-digital co-design enables high-performance snapshot full-Stokes polarization imaging with a compact footprint and a high compression ratio.